National ICT Research Capacity and Priorities for Cooperation - Egypt

National Priorities

National ICT Research Priorities include Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship; Biomedical Informatics Research; Digital Identity; Basic Infrastructure (Broadband, Cloud Computing, Submarine Cables); Cyber Security & eSignature; Information Infrastructure & Digital Content; Electronics Design & Manufacturing.

- Smart cities and emerging telecoms technologies including 4G/5G and Optical Access Networks (FTTH, FTTC) technologies, and SDN. In addition, all aspects related to the design, implementation and management of smart cities are also of great foucs. Main responsible entities in Egypt include ITIDA and NTRA (both entities operate under the umberalla of the MCIT).

- Internet of Things and Blockchain: Egypt has established the IoT-Egypt Forum in 2014 (iot-egypt.com) to form the national focal point for the IoT community in Egypt. The structure of the forum consists of a steering committee, members, and working groups. Steering Committee currently has 11 members that represent SMEs, government, multinational, and NGOs. Three main Working Groups were formed from the community with the aim of studying a focus area of interest to the IoT community and identify potential needs and opportunities. Membership is open for public currently to participat in all IoT activities in Egypt.

- Software Engineering for Space Sciences: Egypt is currently planning to tab into the space science filed. The government plans to establish the national Egyptian space science center. A key focus in this area is currently on the software and applications needed for space sciences. A national committee has been formed in 2016 and studied the potential needs and research areas needed in this direction.

- Cyber-attacks and ICT for Homeland Security: With the emerge of ICT technologies and its application in almost every aspect in life, a key current focus in Egypt is to establish and study advanced cyber-security technologies to protect and enable the current and emerging ICT infrastructure.

- Design and manufacture of electronics: Egypt is currently planning to open factories for the design and manufacturing of electronics at national level so that it will contribute to improving the economy through covering a high percentage of the country demand from electronics and also through exporting.

- E-Commerce: Egypt plans to leverage its growing ICT infrastructure to support mature realization for e-commerce technologies and applications. In particular, several financial initatives have been implemented over the last few months that can support the implementation of e-commerce in various verticals. The main financial iniatives include the large-scale implementation of the financial inclusion initatives that has led to the key decision of reducing the use of cash for payment for all goverement services by Jan 2019. Moreover, MCIT has published its e-commerce strategy that takes into consideration not only the recent technological advances, but also the major financial reforms that took place recently in Egypt. The full e-commerce strategy was released in early 2018 and can be accesed via the MCIT official website.

In addition to the above, the following is a list of some key national research priorities in ICT-enabled Applications:

- Agriculture and irrigation (e.g. Automation of agricultural tenure)

- Environment sector (sanitation, water treatment, desalination, waste treatment)

- Sustainable Food Production:

- Climatic and extra climatic factors affecting livestock, aqua fisheries and sustainable crop production.

- Innovative solutions for combatting emerging infectious livestock diseases.

- Waste management and biofuel production.

- Advanced trends to improve livestock productivity

- Sustainable water management (Sanitation technology, Advances in desalination technology)

- Affordable & Inclusive Healthcare (Cancer, Translational medicine, Chronic diseases, Geriatric medicine)

- Renewable Energy (New trends in renewable energy, Advances in energy storage systems)

National Research Capacity

The table below provides an overview of some of the universities with ICT/Engineering Courses:

Institution	Location	Total Students	ICT/Engineering Department(s)	ICT/Engineering Teaching Staff	Undergraduate Students	Post-Graduate (Masters, PhD)
Cairo University	Giza	271,000	Faculty of Computers and Information - Dept of Information Technology, Dept of Computer ScienceFaculty of Engineering - Dept of Electrical and Communication	Prof: 8 Lecturers: 13 Technical Support Staff: 2 Prof: 8 Lecturers: 13 Technical Support Staff: 2	250,000	153 Masters awarded up to 20109,000 Masters and 1,200 PhD candidates 40 PostGraduate Students in ICT/Engineering
Helwan University	Cairo	78,309	Faculty of Computers and Information Systems	Prof: 3 Lecturers: 6 Technical Support Staff: 6 per college Prof: 3 Lecturers: 6 Technical Support Staff: 6 per college	4,000 169 ICT / Engineering 4,000 169 ICT / Engineering	2,500 30 ICT/Engineering PostGraduate students 2,500 30 ICT/Engineering PostGraduate students
Nile University	Giza		School of Communications & Information Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences	12 Full time, 8 part-time, 10 visitors	96	575 Masters 27 Applied PhD Candidates 575 Masters 27 Applied PhD Candidates
Zewail City of Science and Technology	Giza	450	Learning Technologies Dept	Prof: 6 Lecturers: 21 Technical Support Staff: 10 Prof: 6 Lecturers: 21 Technical Support Staff: 10	430	14 Masters 6 Applied PhD Candidates 14 Masters 6 Applied PhD Candidates
American University of Cairo	Cairo	6,720	Dept of Computer Science and Engineering	Prof: 13 Lecturers: 21 Technical Support Staff: 10 Prof: 13 Lecturers: 21 Technical Support Staff: 10	207 ICT/Engineering	83 PostGraduate ICT/Engineering
Heliopolis University	Cairo	140	Faculty of Engineering	Prof: 3 Lecturers: 6 Technical Support Staff: 3 Prof: 3 Lecturers: 6 Technical Support Staff: 3	30 ICT/Engineering
National Telecommunication Institute	Cairo		Computer Dept., Networks Dept.,Transmission Dept., Switching Dept. and Electronics Dept.	19		15 PostGraduate Students
Ain Shams University	Cairo		Computer Science Dept.	211	1,531	9
Alexandria University	Alexandria		Faculty of Engineering - Computer and Systems Engineering Dept	79	306
Mansoura University	Dakahlia		Computers and Information Faculty	42
Monofya University	Monofya		Faculty of Engineering - Electronics Dept.
Assiut University	Assuit		Faculty of Computers and Information	39	858	394
Beni Suef University	Beni Suef		Faculty of computers and information (teaching and research)	Prof: 3 Lecturers: 10 Technical Support Staff: 17 Prof: 3 Lecturers: 10 Technical Support Staff: 17	405 ICT/Engineering	1051 Masters and 604 PhD students
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport	Cairo		College of Computing and Information Technology	Prof: 10 Lecturers: 5 Technical Support Staff: 3 Prof: 10 Lecturers: 5 Technical Support Staff: 3	300 ICT/Engineering	300 Masters and 700 PhD students

Based on an initial consultation, the following Universities and research centres in Egypt undertaking ICT-related initiatives have identified their areas of research expertise and track record and have been encouraged to develop an organisational profile. Summary findings are provided below:

Cairo University

- Depts include: Faculty of Computers and Information - Dept of Information Technology and Dept of Computer Science; Faculty of Engineering - Dept of Electrical and Communication

- Research Groups include: Mobile Computing, Semantic Computing, Optical Networking, Data Mining, Big Data, Optimization and Operation Research, High-Performance Computing

- Semantic Computing and Web. Skills include: Implementation and deployment of semantic web technologies including RDF, RDFs, SPARQL and Zamenta. Industrial pilot within RECOCAPE FP7 project

- Research areas include: Wireless Communication & Networks, Electronic Design, Embedded Systems (Electronics and Communications Dept); Future Internet, Information Management including Big Data, Content Management and Content Technologies (Faculty of Computer Information); Bioinformatics, Persuasive Computing, Networks (Systems and Biomedical Dept)

Helwan University

- Departments include: Faculty of Computers and Information Systems

- Research Groups include: Human Computer Interaction, Computational Linguistics, Cloud Computing, Data Mining, High Performance Computing, Soft Computing, Medical and Bio-Informatics, Business Intelligence, Image Processing, Medical Engineering, Security, Data Management, Conceptual Mapping, Knowledge Engineering, Computer Arabization and Islamic applications, Information Security, Multi-level Optimisation, Speech Processing and Machine Learning, Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Mobile Computing

Nile University

- Departments include: School of Communications & Information Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wireless Centre

- Research Groups include: Informatics, Image processing, Bioinformatics, Wireless technologies, Information security, Nano-electronics, Software engineering, Mechatronics

- Research areas include: Wireless Communications, Wireless Networks, Applications for Health, Social Networks

Zewail City of Science and Technology

- Departments include: E-Learning department

- Research Groups include: Technologies for Learning; Big Data Technologies' Advanced Data Mining, Machine Learning, Statistical Analysis and Visual Computing

- Research areas include also: Wireless Communications and Smart Integrated Systems

American University of Cairo

- Departments include: Department of Computer Science and Engineering; Department of Electronics Engineering; Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering; Yousef Jameel Science and Technology Research Center

- Research areas include: Text Mining, Image Processing, Mobile Computing; Computer interaction, EE multicore systems, Wireless sensor networks, pervasive and ubiquitous systems; Embedded multicore systems, VLSI implementation aspects of CPU micro architecture; Wireless sensor networks platforms and applications computer architecture / micro architecture; Arabic handwritten & Arabic voice recognition; Renewable Energy; Energy Efficiency; Entrepreneurship

British University in Egypt (BUE )

- Departments include: Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science (ICS)

- Research areas include: Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Mobile-based Health Applications (self-service)

Heliopolis University

- Departments include: Faculty of Engineering - Department of Mechatronics, Department of Energy and Department of Water

- Research Groups include: Robotics, Community Services, Waste treatment and waste management

- Heliopolis University has signed MOUs with: Universitat Hohenheim (Germany), Weingarten University of Education, University of DUNDEE (UK), University of Graz (Austria), Graz University of Technology (TUG) (Austria), University of Nicosia, Steinbeis University Berlin, Munich University of Applied Science, Liverpool John Moores University, University of Portsmouth, University of applied sciences Mittweida, Mechatronics Association in Germany, Alanus University, BOKU University of Natural Resources, Leipzig University, Phillips University Marburg, Jepson School of Leadership Studies, University of Koeln, Bochum University, University of Osnabruck

- Involved in the following internationally funded projects: Tempus : DIMPTOT: Development of an industry linked Mechatronics Program with Training of Trainers; RUCAS: Reorient University Curricula to Address Sustainability; Development of Joint International Master Degree and Lifelong Learning Framework in Mechatronics (JIM2L). FP7 : MED SPRING: Mediterranean Science, Policy, Research & INnovation Gateway; ADA : Establishment of a market for solar water heaters in Egypt

National Telecommunications Institute

- Departments include: Computer Dept., Networks Dept., Transmission Dept., Switching Dept. and Electronics Dept.

- Research areas include: Cloud Computing, Wireless Communications, Optical Networks, Smart Transport Systems

Information Technology Institute

- Departments include: Biomedical Informatics center of Excellence (BMICoE), eLearning Centre of Excellence (ELICA), Java Education and Technology Services (JETS) Centre of Excellence, System Development and Gaming Centre of Excellence (SDGCoE), Mechatronics Department, Open Source Department, Geographical Information System (GIS) Department

Software Engineering Competence Center (SECC )

- Departments include: R&D, Consultation and Training Department

- Research areas include: Service Oriented Architecture, Cloud Computing, Semantic Web, Model Driven Engineering, Ubiquitous Computing, Mobile Application Development, Embedded Software Development

- Involved in the following internationally funded projects: RECOCAPE: SECC of Egypt, Tecnalia of Spain, VTT of Finland, and UNIBO of Italy formed an integrated consortium and proposed the RECOCAPE project to leverage Egypt's competencies in four state-of-the-art technologies; SOA/ESB, Semantic Web, MDD, Ubiquitous Computing. The "RECOCAPE project started November 2011 for 36 months and SECC was the coordinator of the project

- The Software Engineering Competence Center (SECC), affiliated to ITIDA, is an Egyptian leading organization in enhancing the quality, efficiency and level of innovation of ICT companies. Its aim is to promote the companies' global competitiveness by improving the process and content of their product or service production. It supports the development of the software industry through the provision of training, assessment, consultation and certification. Over the past few years, SECC has developed its training services to provide a growing number of beneficiaries with knowledge of technologies, frameworks, models and best practices for software engineering and IT service management. SECC developed an effective engagement model enabling it to tailor its service offerings to the needs of different markets and target groups in support of this diversification.

Ain Shams University

- Departments include Engineering

- Research areas include: Future Networks, Embedded Systems, Language Technologies, Micro and nano-electronics, micro systems, Photonics, Microwave

Azhar University

- Departments include: Computer Engineering

- Research areas include: Natural Language Processing, Content Technologies and Analysis

Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport

- Departments include Electronics and Communications, College of Computing and Information Technology

- Research areas include: Design, Communication Antennas, Encryption, Solar Energy, Fabrication, High Performance Computing including Grid and Cloud Computing (Electronics and Communications); Big Data Technologies, Advanced data mining, Informatics, Computers and Society (eLearning, eVoting, eBilling), Network protocols and programming (College of Computing and Information Technology)

Beni Suef University

- Departments include: Faculty of computers and information

- Research areas include: Cloud Computing, Technologies for IoT, Health data collection

Alexandria University

- Research areas include: Future Networks, Embedded Systems

Mansoura University

- Research areas include: Future Networks, Embedded Systems

Assiut University

- Research areas include: Future Networks, Robotics, Patterns and Image Processing

Suez Canal University

- Research areas include: Biometrics, RFID Technologies, Cryptography)

Aswan University

- Research areas include: Millimeter Waves, Congitive Radio

Benha University

- Research areas include: VLSI, Singal Processing

South Valley University

- Research areas include: Artificial Intelligence, Singal Processing

Menofiya University

- Research areas include: Cryptography, Optical communication, Femtocell, Heterogeneous networks, Wireless sensor networks

ICT-39 Priority Themes

Based on consultation with stakeholders the following thematic areas are considered important in the context of the ICT-39 Call:

Thematic Areas	Topics	Partners include
eHealth	Health diagnosis and Telemedicine; Prevention and Treatment of HepC, Malaria etc; Self-management of healthcare; Integrated care; Rural access to ehealth services for young medical professionals	Cairo University (Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering); Beni Suef University (Faculty of Computers and Information); Nile University (School of Communications & Information Technology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences); American University of Cairo; British University of Cairo (Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science) Cairo University (Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering); Beni Suef University (Faculty of Computers and Information); Nile University (School of Communications & Information Technology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences); American University of Cairo; British University of Cairo (Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science)
eAgriculture	Geospatial data references for agricultural products; Access to pricing information	ITQAN for Smart Solutions; Nile University (Center for Informatics Science) Heliopolis University (Heliopolis Academy Lab for Biodynamic Agriculture and medicinal plants); National Research Centre
Technology-enhanced Learning	Personalised Learning Systems, Smart Education	Beni Suef University (Faculty of Computers and Information); Zewail City of Science and Technology; Software Engineering Competence Centre (SECC)
eGovernment	Big Data	Software Engineering Competence Centre (SECC); Zewail City of Science and Technology; Sadeem
Energy	Renewable Energy, Smart Grids, Energy Efficiency, Smart Cities	Nile University (Nano Electronics Integrated Systems Center, Center for Nanotechnology); American University of Cairo: Heliopolis University

5.4.4 Mapping to H2020 Themes

The mapping to Horizon 2020 Research areas is summarised below:

Horizon 2020 Industrial Leadership	Institution, Relevant Dept and Research area
Components and Systems	Cairo University (Depts of Information Technology, Computer Science, Electrical and Communication): Smart integrated systems, Technologies for IoT. Skills include: Smart-M3 architecture and implementation. Ontology development. Service Oriented Architectures (SOA). ; Nile University (Nano Electronics Integrated Systems Center and Wireless Intelligent Networks Center): Embedded Systems, High Performance Integrated circuits, Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits, RF ID, Micro-Electro-Mechanical devices, Many core chip design; American University of Cairo : Smart Embedded Components and Systems, Smart Integrated Systems; Heliopolis University (Faculty of Engineering): Complex System Engineering: PV System, Wind energy solutions, Diesel Gen., UPS ; Ain Shams University (Faculty of Engineering): Smart card design; Benha University (Faculty of Engineering): VLSI, Singal Processing; South Valley University : Artificial Intelligence
Advanced Computing	Nile University (Center for Informatics Science): Cloud computing; Clouds; Applications Software; American University of Cairo: Processor and System Architecture, Parallel Computing and Simulation Software.; Heliopolis University (Faculty of Engineering): Simulation Software Egyptian National Scientific and Technical Information Network (ENSTINET) : Parallel Computing; SECC-ITIDA : Cloud computing; Helwan University : Computational linguistics; Speech; Distributed computer systems Computer Networks and Communications; Aswan University (Dept. of Engineering): Millimeter Waves, Congitive Radio Nile University (Center for Informatics Science): Cloud computing; Clouds; Applications Software; American University of Cairo: Processor and System Architecture, Parallel Computing and Simulation Software.; Heliopolis University (Faculty of Engineering): Simulation Software Egyptian National Scientific and Technical Information Network (ENSTINET) : Parallel Computing; SECC-ITIDA : Cloud computing; Helwan University : Computational linguistics; Speech; Distributed computer systems Computer Networks and Communications; Aswan University (Dept. of Engineering): Millimeter Waves, Congitive Radio
Future Internet	Cairo University (Depts of Information Technology, Computer Science, Electrical and Communication): Optical and wireless networks. Skills include: High-speed interconnection networks for Data Centers, LTE-Adv Systems. Participated in the 4G (LTE) project funded by the National Telecom Regularty Authority (NTRA) of Egypt. Wireless sensor networks, Cloud Computing, IoT.; Helwan University (Faculty of Computers and Information Systems): Human Computer Interaction, Cloud Computing, Data Mining, High Performance Computing, Mobile Computing; Nile University (Software Engineering Program, Information Security Program, Wireless Intelligent Networks Center, Nano electronics Integrated Systems Center, Center for Informatics Science) : Software Engineering, Cloud Computing, Wireless Communication, Wireless Intelligent Networks, Peer to peer Networking, Cognitive communication, Wireless sensor networks, Wireless security, Information Security; American University of Cairo: Networks, Software and Services, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Privacy and Trust; National Telecommunication Institute: Networks, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Wireless Communication and Optical Networks; Egyptian National Scientific and Technical Information Network (ENSTINET) : Networks, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Privacy and Trust, Wireless Communication and All Optical Networks, Immersive Interactive Multimedia and Connected Enterprise; British University in Egypt (Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science): Cloud Computing; Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport : High Performance Computing including Grid and Cloud Computing, Communication Antennas, Networks; Alexandria University : 4/5G (LTE) wireless systems, Cogitative radio networks.; ITIDA - SECC : IoT ; Mansoura University: Cloud Computing; Zagazig University: Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing; Menofiya University: Optical communication, Femtocell, Heterogeneous networks, Wireless sensor networks
Content Technologies & Information Management	Helwan University (Faculty of Computers and Information Systems): Computational Linguistics, Data Management, Conceptual Mapping, Knowledge Engineering, Computer Arabization and Islamic applications, Speech Processing and Machine Learning; Nile University (Center for Informatics Science): Data Mining and Machine Learning, text mining, High Performance Computing, Peer to Peer Networking, ubiquitous computer, computing vision, language processing systems; Computational linguistics; Social networking (online) General Computer Science; American University of Cairo: Technologies for Language, Learning, Big Data Technologies' Advanced Data Mining, Machine Learning, Statistical Analysis and Visual Computing; Egyptian National Scientific and Technical Information Network (ENSTINET) : Big Data Technologies, Advanced Data Mining; Azhar University (Computer Engineering Dept): Natural Language Processing, Content Technologies & Analysis; Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport : Data mining, eLearning, Informatics; Cairo University (Faculty of Computer Information): Information Management including Big Data, Content Management and Content Technologies, Semantic web and semantic computing
Robotics	Nile University (FACT (Festo Authorized Automation and Certified Training Center) for training in Mechatronics and Automation, Center for Informatics Science): Robotics; Mansoura University (Engineering Dept): Robots Mechanical Engineering; Control and Systems Engineering ; Ains Shams University (Engineering Dept): Robotics ;Assiut University (Engineering Dept): Robotics
Key Enabling Technologies: Micro - Nano- electronics and Photonics	Nile University (Nano Electronics Integrated Systems Center, Center for Nanotechnology) : Micro-Electro-Mechanical devices, Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems, sensor and actuator design, many core chip design, bio-chips and lab on a chip, printed electronics, membrane technology; Helwan University (Engineering Dept): Nanoparticles; Titanium dioxide General Materials Science; Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Ains Shams University (Engineering Dept): Thin films; Films; Optical properties Condensed Matter Physics; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials; General Materials Science, Optical tomography; coherence; tomography Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics; Electrical and Electronic Engineering.VLSI circuits; Mapping; Communication Hardware and Architecture; Benha University : VLSI, Singal Processing; National Research Center: Nanopartciles; Cairo University: Nano-electronics; Suez Canal University: Magnetic Nanoparticles

Horizon 2020 Societal Challenges	Institution, Relevant Dept and Research area
Health	Nile University (Center for Informatics Science, Center for Nanotechnology): Medical Image Processing, bio-informatics; American University of Cairo: Improved diagnostics, Expert Systems and Knowledge Discovery; British University in Egypt (Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science): Mobile-based Health applications; Assiut University: Medical diagnosis systems.; Cairo University: Cloud-Based Platform for Advanced Processing of Cardiac Imaging, 4D imaging systems, RFID-based positioning in hospitals.- Thermography (temperature measurement); Thermography (imaging); SportS Biomedical Engineering; General Computer Science; Software - Fuzzy logic; Biomedical equipment; Hospitals Control and Systems Engineering; Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Brain; Tumors; Magnetic resonance imaging Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging; Signal Processing - Image segmentation; Liver Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Civil and Structural Engineering; Cancer Research Helwan University: CAD for breast cancer. Nile University (Center for Informatics Science, Center for Nanotechnology): Medical Image Processing, bio-informatics; American University of Cairo: Improved diagnostics, Expert Systems and Knowledge Discovery; British University in Egypt (Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science): Mobile-based Health applications; Assiut University: Medical diagnosis systems.; Cairo University: Cloud-Based Platform for Advanced Processing of Cardiac Imaging, 4D imaging systems, RFID-based positioning in hospitals. - Thermography (temperature measurement); Thermography (imaging); SportS Biomedical Engineering; General Computer Science; Software - Fuzzy logic; Biomedical equipment; Hospitals Control and Systems Engineering; Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Brain; Tumors; Magnetic resonance imaging Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging; Signal Processing - Image segmentation; Liver Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Civil and Structural Engineering; Cancer Research Helwan University: CAD for breast cancer.
Food Security, Sustainable Agriculture	Nile University (Center for Informatics Science): Bio-informatics; Heliopolis University (Heliopolis Academy Lab for Biodynamic Agriculture and medicinal plants): Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable and Competitive Agri-food Sector ; National Research Centre (Nutrition Dept): Food Security, Sustainable Agriculture; Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST): Intelligent Irrigation Systems; South Valley University: groundwater; GIS; zone Water Science and Technology; General Earth and Planetary Sciences; Paleontology.; Cairo University : food security, biofood, food safety
Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy	Nile University (Nano Electronics Integrated Systems Center, Center for Nanotechnology): Renewable Energy, Smart Electricity grids, wireless electricity, energy harvesting.; American University of Cairo: Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, Smart Cities (Worked on project funded by Ericsson to manage Traffic Signals using ICT in a city; Heliopolis University: Alternative Fuels and Mobile Energy Sources; Electronics Research Institute (ERI): Wind; Hybrid systems; Costs Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; National Research Institute (NRI): Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Fermentation Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Environmental Engineering; Pollution; Cairo University: Oxidation; Electrodes; Cyclic voltammetry Electrochemistry (60.8); Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; General Materials Science ; Helwan University: Wind turbines; Turbines; Aerodynamics Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Mechanical Engineering ; Mansoura University: Beam propagation method; Waveguides; Solar cells Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ; Assuit University: Wind power; Wind turbines; Wind Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Ain Shams University: Wind power; Wind; Permanent magnets Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Solar cells; Titanium dioxide; Conversion efficiency; Benha University: Geothermal fields; geothermal system; thermal spring Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Geology; Geophysics
Climate Action, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials	Nile University (Nano Electronics Integrated Systems Center, Center for Informatics Science): Wireless Sensor Networks (MEMS sensors); Heliopolis University: Eco-Innovation, Sustainable Management of Natural Resources, Transition Towards a Green Economy
Transport	National Telecommunication Institute: Smart Transport Systems; Helwan University: Intelligent transportation management.; Assiut University: Tackling urban road congestion; Nile University: Advanced traffic management systems; E-Just: Traffic estimation system
Inclusive, Innovative and Reflective Societies	Nile University: Social entrepreneurship Heliopolis University: eLearning, eCulture Bibliotec of Alexandria (CULTNAT): Heritage Visulaisation, Cultural Heritage Electronics Research Institute (ERI): Learning systems; Algorithms; Students Information Systems; Education Nile University: Social entrepreneurship Heliopolis University: eLearning, eCulture Bibliotec of Alexandria (CULTNAT): Heritage Visulaisation, Cultural Heritage Electronics Research Institute (ERI): Learning systems; Algorithms; Students Information Systems; Education
Secure Societies	Nile University (Center for Informatics Science, Information Security graduate program): Information Security -risk and management.; American University of Cairo: Cyber Security; Cairo University: Chaotic systems; Chaos theory; Cryptography Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Applied Mathematics; Helwan University: Watermarking; Digital watermarking; Image watermarking Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Computer Networks and Communications; Electronics Research Institute (ERI): Cryptography; Authentication; Electronic document identification systems Computer Networks and Communications; Computer Science Applications; Suez Canal University (Dept. of Engineering): Cryptography; Menofiya University: Cryptography

Level of Research Maturity

Egypt has a vibrant research community with strong experience of collaborative research having secured participation in over 101 projects and securing research funding of over €16 million under FP7.

Up to September 2018, Egypt is involved in 34 Horizon 2020 projects with research funding of over €3.475 million across a number of thematic areas:

- LEIT-SPACE H2020-Galileo-2014-1 - BEYOND (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Arab Institute of Navigation

- SOCIETY, H2020-INT-INCO-2014 - MERID (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research)

- MSCA-SUPPORT, H2020-MSCA-NCP-2014 - Net4Mobility (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology ASRT

- Science with and for Society, H2020-GARRI-NCP-2014-1 - SiS.net2 (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology ASRT

- INFRA, H2020-EINFRA-2015-1 - VI-SEEM (RIA - Research and Innovation action) - Bibliotheca Alexandrina Library of Alexandria Bibalex

- H2020-SC5-2015-one-stage - GEO-CRADLE (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe

- H2020-INT-SOCIETY-2015 MedReset - Research and Innovation action) Cairo University

- H2020-INT-SOCIETY-2015: FEUTURE (RIA - Research and Innovation action) - The American University in Cairo);

- H2020-SFS-2015-2 - IMAGE (RIA - Research and Innovation action) - The Agricultural Research Center

- H2020-WATER-2015-one-stage - WaterWorks2015 (ERA-NET-Cofund) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Asrt

- H2020-ISIB-2015-2 - SIMRA (RIA - Research and Innovation action) - Cairo University

- H2020-WATER-2015-two-stage - MADFORWATER (RIA - Research and Innovation action) - Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

- H2020-INT-INCO-2015 - 5TOI_4EWAS (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Asrt; National Research Center)

- H2020-SC5-2016-OneStageA - 4PRIMA (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

- H2020-ICT-2016-INT - IST-Africa 2016-2018 (CSA - Coordination & support action) - Information Technology Industry Development Agency)

- H2020-SFS-2016-1 - LEAP-AGRI (ERA-NET-Cofund) - Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research)

- H2020-SFS-2016-2 - MedAID (RIA - Research and Innovation action) - National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 - CLUSDEV MED (MSCA-RISE) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Asrt

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 - ECOFISH (MSCA-RISE) - The Agricultural Research Center and Kafr El-Sheikh University

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 - NonMinimalHiggs (MSCA-RISE) - Zewail City of Science & Technology

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 - GLYCANC (MSCA-RISE) - Cairo University

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 - OptArch (MSCA-RISE) - Cairo University

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 - TACTILENet (MSCA-RISE) - Nile University

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 - trans-making (MSCA-RISE) - Cairo Lab for Urban Studies Training & Environmental Research Cluster

- H2020-BG-2016-2 - ODYSSEA ( RIA) - Arab Network for Environment & Development

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 - CURE-XF (MSCA-RISE)The Agricultural Research Center

- H2020-SFS-2017-1 - ForestValue (ERA-NET-Cofund) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Asrt

- H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB - WaterWorks2017 (ERA-NET-Cofund) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Asrt

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017 - DiCoMI (MSCA-RISE) - Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute

- H2020-MSCA-NCP-2017 - Net4MobilityPlus (CSA) - Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Asrt

- H2020-RUR-2017-2 - NEXTFOOD (RIA) - Sekem Development Foundation - Sdf

- H2020-CIRC-2017TwoStage - HYDROUSA (IA) - Heliopolis University Association and Isis For Food Industries, Ltd

- H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 - InvisiblesPlus (MSCA-RISE) Zewail City of Science & Technology

- H2020-SFS-2018-1 - LEAP4FNSSA (CSA) Zewail City of Science & Technology

To better understand and validate the research capacity of the various organizations in Egypt, ITIDA (SECC) adopted the SciVal tool developed by the Elsevier publisher to analyze the publications of the staff of the universities and the research institutes in Egypt. For each theme in the H2020, all researchers in the institutes related to this theme were identified and their publication and research history along with the various standard metrics of scientific publications (including citation and h-index). After the review, the institution was included in the data as an institute with capacity in this area/theme.

A great deal of work has been carried out in areas including Incubators to build links between universities and entrepreneurial commercialisation of research. Quite a few international technology companies have operations in Egypt, which clearly provides an additional emphasis to innovation already driven by Egypt's increasingly important software industry. While there is a clear focus on technology adoption and developing applications, there is a strong research tradition in many of the Egyptian universities.